A boring tool is a cutting tool used for boring operations in mechanical processing. It is mainly used for further processing of existing holes to improve their dimensional accuracy, shape precision, and surface quality. It plays an irreplaceable role in mechanical manufacturing, aerospace, automobile manufacturing and other fields, and is a key process equipment for achieving precision hole machining.
Basic Composition of Boring Tools
A boring tool usually consists of the following core components:
Tool body: The main structure of the tool, used to install the cutter head and connect with the machine tool, requiring sufficient rigidity and strength.
Cutter head: The part directly involved in cutting, usually made of high-speed steel, cemented carbide and other materials.
Tool shank: The component connecting the tool body to the machine tool spindle, whose structural form must match the machine tool interface.
Adjustment mechanism: Used to precisely adjust the cutting diameter of the boring tool to ensure machining accuracy.
Main Types of Boring Tools
According to different structures and uses, boring tools can be divided into various types:
Integral boring tool: The tool body and cutter head are of an integrated structure, suitable for processing small-diameter holes, with a simple structure but poor versatility.
Assembled boring tool: The cutter head and tool body are separable and fixed by mechanical connection, facilitating the replacement of different types of cutter heads to meet various processing needs.
Fine adjustment boring tool: Equipped with a precise fine-tuning mechanism, it can achieve micron-level diameter adjustment, meeting the requirements of high-precision hole processing, and is widely used in the field of precision machinery manufacturing.
Floating boring tool: The cutter head can float within a certain range, which can automatically compensate for processing deviations caused by installation errors or insufficient machine tool accuracy, improving the shape accuracy and dimensional consistency of the hole.
Deep hole boring tool: Designed specifically for deep hole processing, it has good chip removal and cooling performance, usually equipped with internal cooling channels and special chip removal structures.
Working Principle of Boring Tools
Boring is a cutting process in which the boring tool rotates as the main movement, and the workpiece or boring tool performs the feed movement. During operation, the boring tool is driven to rotate by the machine tool spindle, and at the same time moves along the axis of the hole or the workpiece moves in the opposite direction. The cutting edge of the tool cuts the hole wall.
Boring can correct the axis deviation of the hole left by the previous process, improve the cylindricity and coaxiality of the hole, and ensure the positional accuracy between the hole and other surfaces. Through multiple passes, the machining accuracy and surface quality of the hole can be gradually improved, up to IT6 grade accuracy, and the surface roughness can be as low as Ra0.8μm.
Application Fields of Boring Tools
Boring tools have a wide range of applications, mainly including:
Machinery manufacturing industry: Used for processing precision hole systems on various boxes, brackets and other parts.
Automobile industry: Hole processing of key parts such as engine blocks and gearbox housings.
Aerospace field: Hole processing of high-precision components such as aircraft engines and landing gears.
Mold manufacturing: Processing of precision holes such as guide post holes and cavity holes on mold templates.
Hydraulic and pneumatic industry: Precision hole processing of hydraulic cylinders, air cylinders and other parts.
Selection and Maintenance of Boring Tools
Selecting a suitable boring tool needs to consider factors such as the material to be processed, the diameter and depth of the hole, processing accuracy requirements, and machine tool performance. High-speed steel boring tools are suitable for low-speed processing of plastic materials, while cemented carbide boring tools are suitable for high-speed processing and processing of high-strength materials.
In daily maintenance, attention should be paid to:
Keep the boring tool clean to prevent chip accumulation from affecting accuracy.
Regularly check the wear of the cutter head and replace or grind it in time.
Store it properly to avoid collision and rust.
The adjustment mechanism should be regularly lubricated to ensure the flexibility and accuracy of adjustment.
With the development of numerical control technology, the CNC boring tool system is constantly improving. Intelligent and high-precision boring tool technology is becoming an important guarantee for improving hole processing efficiency and quality, promoting the continuous progress of precision manufacturing technology.
